R.Viswakarma, M.Deepa, D.Rambabu Integrated , management, red, sanders 215-220 2 (5) September, 2026 Red sanders (Pterocarpus santalinus L.f.) is an economically and ecologically important forest tree species endemic to southern India. The species is affected by several insect pests, among which defoliators are of considerable importance. Defoliating insects cause damage by feeding on leaf tissues, resulting in reduced photosynthetic area, loss of foliage and adverse effects on plant growth and establishment. Repeated or severe defoliation may weaken young plants and increase their susceptibility to other biotic and abiotic stresses.